Describe it- Plant cloning is making a plant genetically identical from it's parent plant.
Analyze it- Differentiated cells are taken from the plant and incubated in a culture medium full of nutrients. Stirring causes individual cells to come off the chunk of plant and dedifferentiate. These suspended cells begin to divide and form an embryonic plant which eventually grew into a mature, genetically identical plant.
Apply it- This can be used as a simply way to reproduce plants or to reproduce plants that have valuable traits, such as a plant that can resist certain pathogens.
Synthesize it- This reminds me of some plants that you can cut the branches off and plant them and they will grow into a new, genetically identical plant. It also reminds me of planting potato buds and growing genetically identical potatoes.
Argue it- I don't think plant cloning is quite as controversial as animal cloning, but my personal opinion is that it is a useful tool to reproducing plants with desired traits. I don't think there are any problems with plant cloning.
Describe it- Animal Cloning is the process by which an entire organism is reproduced from a single cell taken from the parent organism and in a genetically identical manner. This means the cloned animal is an exact duplicate in every way of its parent; it has the same exact DNA. Cloning happens quite frequently in nature. Asexual reproduction in certain organisms and the development of twins from a single fertilized egg are both instances of Cloning.
Analyze it- Initial attempts at artificially induced Animal Cloning were done using developing embryonic cells. The DNA nucleus was extracted from an embryonic cell and implanted into an unfertilized egg, from which the existing nucleus had already been removed. The process of fertilization was simulated by giving an electric shock or by some chemical treatment method. The cells that developed from this artificially induced union were then implanted into host mothers. The cloned animal that resulted had a genetic make-up exactly identical to the genetic make-up of the original cell.
Apply it- Cloning animals can be very useful in producing more food and safe species from going extinct. Another method using animal cloning is to resurrect ancient died out species of organisms. If animal cloning is allowed then world hunger could possibly be elminated.
Synthesize it- Animal cloning is very similar to the way genetic twins are born. Each have the same result in the end, a identical copy of the same animal or baby. In animal cloning the genes are copied but in twins the same sperm fertilizes two separate eggs.
Argue it- Against: In a large percentage of cases, the cloning process fails in the course of pregnancy or some sort of birth defects occur, for example, as in a recent case, a calf born with two faces. Sometimes the defects manifest themselves later and kill the clone. For: On the favorable side with successful animal cloning - particularly cloning from an adult animal - you know exactly how your clone is going to turn out. This becomes especially useful when the whole intention behind cloning is to save a certain endangered species from becoming totally extinct.
Part Three ~ Cloning Organisms
Plant Cloning
Describe it- Plant cloning is making a plant genetically identical from it's parent plant.
Analyze it- Differentiated cells are taken from the plant and incubated in a culture medium full of nutrients. Stirring causes individual cells to come off the chunk of plant and dedifferentiate. These suspended cells begin to divide and form an embryonic plant which eventually grew into a mature, genetically identical plant.
Apply it- This can be used as a simply way to reproduce plants or to reproduce plants that have valuable traits, such as a plant that can resist certain pathogens.
Synthesize it- This reminds me of some plants that you can cut the branches off and plant them and they will grow into a new, genetically identical plant. It also reminds me of planting potato buds and growing genetically identical potatoes.
Argue it- I don't think plant cloning is quite as controversial as animal cloning, but my personal opinion is that it is a useful tool to reproducing plants with desired traits. I don't think there are any problems with plant cloning.
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Animal Cloning
Describe it- Animal Cloning is the process by which an entire organism is reproduced from a single cell taken from the parent organism and in a genetically identical manner. This means the cloned animal is an exact duplicate in every way of its parent; it has the same exact DNA. Cloning happens quite frequently in nature. Asexual reproduction in certain organisms and the development of twins from a single fertilized egg are both instances of Cloning.
Analyze it- Initial attempts at artificially induced Animal Cloning were done using developing embryonic cells. The DNA nucleus was extracted from an embryonic cell and implanted into an unfertilized egg, from which the existing nucleus had already been removed. The process of fertilization was simulated by giving an electric shock or by some chemical treatment method. The cells that developed from this artificially induced union were then implanted into host mothers. The cloned animal that resulted had a genetic make-up exactly identical to the genetic make-up of the original cell.
Apply it- Cloning animals can be very useful in producing more food and safe species from going extinct. Another method using animal cloning is to resurrect ancient died out species of organisms. If animal cloning is allowed then world hunger could possibly be elminated.
Synthesize it- Animal cloning is very similar to the way genetic twins are born. Each have the same result in the end, a identical copy of the same animal or baby. In animal cloning the genes are copied but in twins the same sperm fertilizes two separate eggs.
Argue it- Against: In a large percentage of cases, the cloning process fails in the course of pregnancy or some sort of birth defects occur, for example, as in a recent case, a calf born with two faces. Sometimes the defects manifest themselves later and kill the clone.
For: On the favorable side with successful animal cloning - particularly cloning from an adult animal - you know exactly how your clone is going to turn out. This becomes especially useful when the whole intention behind cloning is to save a certain endangered species from becoming totally extinct.
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